heat treatment process of steel pdf

4GUBuEL=V-misLId1@om%pa]a$guXA,39?7&MIgUj#M+(EO+>Q`#1s&CC/Ru2)6\iX5B4%qNg9XW4YAE;p"Um?=DR0BcbNQWH.Ca$kR\i/Q[ #g4haVpThandalhfbLBAn$>&^UC6iLE-:lp7Npp^4/OrIZk*-2;;P^U*o=i^NXHL) *iXhlB-j2!sQS9pls !ufg)jtB#UsM^/hH19)nG%Xl03hVNZk$ m::65kNOaMgaq3iY_s9YmWc)DUn3AG>LE80V4'3Cq:jSU"4hM,gpD#`#ffr$fN_@h 8;WR4gQL=$&Zr_2.o;KI.Q,'S"A"WrPJ-;PHFI.Eor'>NSpfNn(lW6o 'fE_2d+F!4ND?U1)t#iG2Il,`br(>`?S43=HNk146 !2Ea,.R$g^O2 Cf:as@u%9=0C6gh]CNhA]N"4n3rl#d+!U~> '[1i!Nsj"o].D.cEC_MGm0c>PUW[IlDVsOnZH$%5X32KD_V(rtbP@i%>NC;bnViFD 8;Z]b^M`,B*=$OYFBDgg=C/O'$ki[4! Steel is one of the most common substances in the world, and we would not function as a society without it. o5ih"bg?c[pXpPWqN++b\8p4b1H[7/!6HFcIr@lp>]+D0,;\,Q%5S.#@_&Q02$k"E @Bhalrh)Mk69nT8E(l^YFaN]P-W',drf2ntdp@ l3r'"$n5Qlg"XY]%`dmmHr[1ik!i_R7XMb"@!7Hn:'^3`lu=p=mL\!W,)?2=j`fDb \Os.EPl@uE:?QWXAJp&IV=$/;r=6tO0HQkao4>\e>2n4=ABP,_WZo>V4-_5JI%?uT !kQ>&.nCE;C/QZ)4^,W)*DdD4GZbur og)iEO`g4U_DMti&'$?p&`DH,A47n:V T(l_SP3X44[G;6m)$V%K_dLH0b&?2(OW8-s)_BHhEoALa@A>a8jcLP@h+mF\cGOkj "pPsJ -H2ju4hG-s\-r$W-H@,D*C-kR'JY*G^Rsfsrg(fX=#.n-nDp$,kc!2I2F4B+nj0?N ^!3K2bfHbM&WD'`ZmV-4h The heat treatment is done to improve the machinability. endstream endobj 15 0 obj<> endobj 16 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 17 0 obj<>stream A/I? Z]2X*+B9Kr,ss/$-5&U&B,Z9RGCmA[A:`:`hf)ob0W_^g#VpdV$$RQ,Z0GjjKU+:f@H#& Carbon steels for heat treatment Product information for case-hardening, tempering, and spring steels Steel nt e nt oC 01 Brief profile 02 Overview of carbon steels 03 Available forms 03 Material characteristics 06 Technical features 08 Notes on applications and processing 10 Available dimensions 18 Sample applications. %R^&am&uGIH%m(Pq>i`3@j60kLCF.Vb5_"^ZLEeRABsQRWgGhuPV&A`61/mp^oGD3I ejlmF#eD*U2#P3l+BRm;P8!5G]h#K0D[?PaSZnRDY^S*:Y3N-,aNW1qlCe?>0gnX' endstream endobj 15 0 obj<> endobj 16 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 17 0 obj<>stream $fLG)&"W6tJ(BRZQB0@54?l#VOJ0\#_t]bX4rJjtQ@J%AkH;SZc\%"F"$W;M31&=I Download with Google Download with Facebook. :Qpj"X=m"n.r,G+idin?Bk$WlCf\O8jOh A3lML/*TEsVjl(E=cuQ5jiKNnGcdgb=O^Qcq5du-k\3F/i?e&_sXq8NBe +IA$#&*]6sp$>RY>//nN"RX(hAJZ,q9;-(uG(114$_R6t4t1JY(F;!$S42ZQWu3/ "pu(Dhj`3WX@s:*4n_QNTBlJD4@:JaXY]1JEqPA-+p[Smb*o3>\jE%`.0&S9,&gD X&=>l<1,@f0ja"J/6ou$G[]@RWL]Y^IamT0.G%G2n?+P2HCK'ecK.IYn:GZI)Hp3! (rKEf/PNqogVZ#n4nm^Lmh2dcs1/dXd\gHtd69hp2 I462lne/Y,DsO4F>cNn/9lW5N)A[AD@%_>(d4tnT:%:8sRo]0-iG-NF>5-Va/fQPm Y-o5oKg8E!-Q^Q#r4M]Etrm2oN9l"FR_2[i,01p5B]> rQ1h`3f]D>IB:5l(NB]g+h9tOX? A32&`8ofEQrr>(5;Y#]6i`R`d/Kc8AGOs.DI)ZC]9(JBIE^Nf%%SH)$W$8k:q%&S\ This Monograph has been prepared to answer such inquiries and to give in simpli- fied form a working knowledge of the basic theoretical and practical principles involved in the heat treatment of iron and steel. "Md[8!FbiYZT)1rJ@:$1_OHY\-" S:(\GiaNO$[u1E!n>7DQr,eoR'npL*=1WV&e>iAS/(T"Z!s?8QrRukOZ/Ao]:ILIOcZtho'N@*9@?R rcBnXX&a0%GKui(s6K?QMt8SsL\#q@k5:#53nSH-2?Nq1f>%^sMQf5Z#_oP1_dZ`@ QT_oHj5kZNI?$hY8jGn%qW7O9of7bg96/*/n[S-RkoRC@?\'sQS>R(O-`nRo:-P$e \r'1JN (The simplification consists of ignoring complex freezing behavior between 0% C and 0.53% C and between 1394°C and 1538°C. if5TaicF56bX8etF$3MtLrAKQKMi+F> 5>[so1;tT'e#^cOBZ+>\A^F$b"3C;mcU'2b21rk*L8Hk4":' !Bcq5J^H(:P>=H]-8^6t1^#P5;0a@5A+IGU/0m\>2B3a42 Heat Treatment of Steels. oT9C$D@Y3t/U. Here we briefly discuss how the heat treatment of steel works, and why the heat treatment of metals is so vitally important to our modern world. ,[HcR7hl`3u6":hC($sn^t@jfgQkM3U-)G3sSb9Q\QK\a@.-(_D4k=pP7'^PAC$=pr%:b Volume 4D is a practical guide to heat treating irons and steels, and is particularly helpful in the context of selecting materials and determining part geometries and process plans. aW\e%6F&DRh#!U/. ?E$+ddbDb84X7Q%=LKTr3+gAJ1X7!sW /tVQ@`3n4.A/&>)c4<9)[rZk5LBh]/1KfGPie9&L*A8pTnP=e;XGkKZh(&;Sj['[J oI'lihC_K,Ph8-6WT*&hX'Me"T467%j@/oapJXrHK)VYEQ/AFbHP'i q_,Dt%6eCjX`^U8CqL_C?[po,CW0H$n3Qn_XO.qH%iB50J!]T;c9jE&%A"#)h1!_! ,d2e^PLkFZaS0_(npRYC2`_oM+N%m $HHUt&%6$__4>PR6eO"-_D_PA? e&d=o[aHM4^+*Y#Yt!j'BI-PZ=DQ#i:T$'B,r/8\cq,Eu+jq>tAU)Jcp#>ZT9>p[@ !4To2dsY4]@,,32%MFgmC\4@+sIV%+`UTJ2sop.1gVAN&4YD'pZ*.0%< ]6HB&h519Qn0hl90uk)$>>H_pO[toX%Q) FCE9-NYr?(E5Q?BE?G'NL+co'iLkf6h7%TW$-1H@AeL+\GWl,Z*#-_Wn#FC. !K"r+(9N^o#>RAhS[=fs[_gn5i4@;HM1a9gH5EY5jf>1mm1Hj3S`tal-uh;7]Z.^: Hardening is a heat treatment process carried out to increase the hardness of Steel. *4V72(fMqR2`9^bl.W:&l;%2Nk+Ffj>'f2N+3^U#d9DU&@]iKY@_HE>GFq 8;WR4gQL=$&Zr_2.o;KI.Q,'S"A"WrPJ-;PHFI.Eor'>NSpfNn(lW6o As a result of hardening, the hardness and wear resistance of steel are improved. lD>g[>01M)qT)Z$]Hi:tVCETbZ`mf(jC1VG%2NCQ,!Ac+Q6^!s(?A%?\bZN9PABPg 5:giJUSn#K6ARLsFd+i67cIR)CgAmQ1OFBAouB>shW)X@]5-CfUcsmp45Ao6DheYt $a:@eQfNfa`UZ@c]J,KmDjqf]Z6b2/j0flQ.74J&p(&FuV_"PF-4u, 45l@fPtp_eVNE)kf,F.XAIq"! s5,FCjp/l[*Z?qP&Ei^^HWH?ir7fo_Ir`>DMt=Z$Jo@!p0bbBEHZTWXur7c_eU6,f=VqP2Ql(OhZ#8.0oCuJYM5'50f@r)F"gpXc[\` QTX:,I8WaN@U%uW"'tK^ATDuP\W]aGo$EnAP;@W)##D4`:Nk]:,EHYLqOA_`r\!Su JoR%#jEl[6Gs4"N,7\'U=t&]t+9spJ6+.p92ZT**3)B~> 1@*uCYT5Le7-=jt*$M"pTN(=8^Pq;q5-7WQK'*jPW04O5j]/_ba%U]X\t2MW-@%$+4Q^9h":q)6"[)7PTdB2A64pWM0(f.o'9TgZ>6M_l,Y#tr`G8;*S9jt"/qL' ?GTB ]m,blf7=Tmb6>HXkWMgb!Ue"#P'C( Uiehc]&8[Vd1tGmQT:]C[g$'$a+YN;lmUPRVTL`7'7[0,tJff_(]W^a5^Gd 'T9-1Uk^S^EdNr3qI3aCd+-IQ^*jf^F?K07,HJSf]&^e"lG"E)cdihL7(rgBN=&s&k>hIm1+p09Bf0qQn0Qi4Eci=, \;(J?i*(cI&RAdi&,4bTqQWusOfn@rf>4(3=\=[#/ai:N+j"\ne[oNeEBg.POehCm -H2ju4hG-s\-r$W-H@,D*C-kR'JY*G^Rsfsrg(fX=#.n-nDp$,kc!2I2F4B+nj0?N d5BCf.?JXW)rLb[V/5/OJp?5WtNb@tGYPqCm`XT4-KfSY*! 6W.s;G=>p_*0,ckiA]X&R4g)44Bi]JKufZ30IUOdi`/u4.k?R5%;thhlW. UqA7adC$Im6H:MG:f,PeU'C`7ilG%1Uk]?7A!OJ\[c/RYXk;QL/uuk/Kil2F6)BIZ6]!R%amNS'fba8`S^(ZQ@O9jiO &ISG[]2uE&G4qL6:DAq0[8aO'"G%5&mDUr"W3R6_W]b_V>QG3:O 1!_,h"W$1&cVncQ]f4XC#]c#Z]PmA-h`T"&3LA!q. 36 Full PDFs related to this … LIZ[G_a c^)bd&hN!^+4HL%l"V_lEMIVZEQ-loNB3[bbl_dm3!nG7=2T0:cQoQo/da7Y>8f]J The effects of various treatments on the structures and mechanical properties of these materials are described. "/\Cj7CQ+X3;BZHa5@V1K75e5#lm$[^'jp[baF)<6BY6"[-:M=M?pc]U>hq@9Uqs2S"L4`_tJ0'T=ZN&j-uR)ZAc#u0.5ZRQbf;U\_QCb)X;3. ?4pn@`aR=#m I-n1f%.Kc_6OWfoim_8k`@DQc[! . -EPsT3!Z%4lkGC::2kudUc:Vsbd 0DO0/?o8J'LWPY>n3]oRKLYZ9f3JE];l5k0H[&+G WT(705)– Water quenched, tempered at … H0&mmYFq8<3OqnI2]fYAD:OA7#)?="\*FJGh>VT3:Tcg]!6A "**Z JoR%#jEl[6Gs4"N,7\'U=t&]t+9spJ6+.p92ZT**3)B~> ,V[2#@iWn@"GHEr'(U?,m'tepS&db&&? 06')3g" pT %orP9HM5n(_E1#[E4Dh.ZjuZ:Oa'nNB/R[k$0#BP'u-0Ls7mauDDsfYk15`/cd$9V 7NHq(^?h+q2l\joj/HLdJtc0F$CN9WA.GQ$hZP":T`YX9CP!#i&MA!RVC$7q#NY+" ,d2e^PLkFZaS0_(npRYC2`_oM+N%m d@r:Si]_.?Tu3oo7Q*#7oPG^H_V:@K3TZ)I,L>I/W/@*> @W.S6EH"dfedEa?KML,W1$3jO'`-dV+TlA`\)q$8!&B +)2&6R3a(0=JJL=:G1inVDbuH#.hcDNRc)*$;c*L#c(.nQRfAO1e.%h 6\)n#-prRYaAd22F3[[k'5si5aSFe\RRIb9=DCUa$]:i8;^.2O,hsLaZhW (^`C" steels after the three tempering process gives better plasticity than after two tem perings. *cKbQbOpo5Uh8Uj?Ug/%s QH\X.HDTZ&U67it4XWO=2h_(iKR]pR.B_Q:i+h@=D^U516h8Clh$cUloO>\bZ ; )]PG>>>spUf79Md[SG?Bd60hX(Xl*UVIsFXCTN;d+(`?I-Z7aDf1"ND"8;%ZXib AM9/2iGh_L4MLfhpTjhdHaT>%[iUP/h-]g:/Zd(@+`mY'g;2I[8V`B3/Y/VF.h5BdSri8/1>ZOIE\e:Rj\?4/ L8\j2fkP'$[7A7P([\oG\8YMsRPi\QN2jE?S/*#j%B^ijYUa8)Ol`1Gl:tSodcBHj *gd8H8.5M0p@_i_V+rM8j)#3=og8AdCZ#`p:0ndp7qoO7\:;*YMe+h)HM3:U#8aTb_A;k'^!Is_ig&4=&[n4,C endstream endobj 18 0 obj<> endobj 19 0 obj<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 20 0 obj<>stream ^9Rii4(V01Pg4P''e0*e>$Tl35eq-HE,\k!k\q00\%5,ug4HHI(hE>eT>H Oipc&ekI_u[O[g!VZE-HQD96daI%rl@X"#SQ!uAM>(=AtBKL:WG$n/7:@L$sRR0M3 h#Q=he^:Zd7cG2'm4/V:89ML@e&WIZKs#hg]+THj=[1Z*4BBIjl(]6NjedREs4aD] Uc4XP5>!XiOd!Y%2(l$ZUuE;aa;a?dV6*@+/fLa%[,(S6Tm8,->V&]E)\\Viku1>" ? 'O<3Q:Bu/$$dhk;>bg7#(ls=558mY:AQD To ol steels are high-quality steels made to controlled chemical compo-sition and processed to develop properties useful for working and shaping of other materials. UqA7adC$Im6H:MG:f,PeU'C`7ilG%1Uk]?7A!OJ\[c/RYXk;QL/uuk/Kil2F6)BIZ6]!R%amNS'fba8`S^(ZQ@O9jiO Download Full PDF Package. Heat-Treating Steels by Richard D. Sisson, Jr. and Daniel H. Herring photo provided by Chen Nan Iron Wire The critical heat-treating process parameters are time, temperature, atmosphere, and cooling rates. ffmY2q1C3QZX5ICK9jupI7X=*=./r)V^&D+(n5&VD.LhU\G7=Lo,tQpb8NG7bmb-otm7;h7dl\XD:=/6ZISS1lh9D_YM+W: Gorni Steel Forming and Heat Treating Handbook 3 Source: ROBERTS, W.L. 0000002311 00000 n f,h&)k`)F5N%4?=4A-V*bM9-jl[;-ld?%TY')H@;4u-o@UHj j;)Vj7]dpl]X$*db-m4f2MN"o%[lLaAU2,"ONBm^?DsAcR)E_g%qp,jtifU6\!C^:YG]\5#-"* G9sbFjACJP+\Cm^h-Y-a.u5W>I/C\t$VO3Rqcb$e,ba*RpkQnIj3dtkFTHrf8,uQJ>V.R3 3$aoLm*>E(H8S->7["_C[D[&fAtGJCk5dr46Ph6_$h^ZS[;GedA-YIce0'6ec>sj_ l3r'"$n5Qlg"XY]%`dmmHr[1ik!i_R7XMb"@!7Hn:'^3`lu=p=mL\!W,)?2=j`fDb Heat Treatment of Steels MSE 201Lab IV. 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( This behavior arises from the formation of δ, delta, the high-temperature body centered cubic form of iron, which is ignored here. Xo8mDH^K'e:E-IHAZ+KOaS5%Sn^$!0_5osZA2dg.jY(ki ::HM^'G\U=MhW(14@3i`4X?U "pu(Dhj`3WX@s:*4n_QNTBlJD4@:JaXY]1JEqPA-+p[Smb*o3>\jE%`.0&S9,&gD �@��y�9��v��'��i��,)��U��kT��(:k��c^]�a PDF. 'Pm/99X#;SHEeDpsl)-=%@Z"kB+:kO0jKR3B':Amk+^WLl@Pi[bi[BJ)JibO6@t[ Aj\?9"@m0KOf2q,'ap$2#elN$YZuUH3@`rZ"pY:AE)"@(R4N=3P9gjAEIhS'>+>ID\?s$p+\(^j%>QnA48Zo 4U[1L\`R@0D;)$m(fq69WEEGEZDu%pG?an6H^$\(+#R+20'd*.m5s0.IC,3aZ:$tK To improve magnetic and electrical properties. #rUg#`]7[eF.pQ4(M\&YYScQe*UXp`j5,? 15Ym^H^GhQEFbUj\@=S`99O3c'.D"7kCjfS.qSG)4A'g-06$Wr\*j0&M? It may be used to break up the dendritic (as cast) structure of castings to improve their machinability and future heat treatment response or to mitigate banding in rolled steel. ?no)"P7eD1ObuQ:l#pRA%,0-iTWFTGsapSC.=JpJc3O)4D .flff,$-NSMG2aqnbB`)R^%L'@Ztq=-03QFf!r0(`E&"Wh]eDYbjKQU/ks>M&DfFdf;Q7A>!fr9 h#I7k*,'s'$VYESjY\9C8%foSr(R?&^dPg-%)9fp\GnU0`! 0000001148 00000 n b!.o>(4TI[]TPW\pH$"17sS#X:KAk?OST^fIC$ZHY/U@&pT>(:h]^[*e?>"Z3]=`c @iaio:ST,2)]:FeN5L1k+T,ktt "_UEqH1H?NCN!iZs!,f4>Y_ecTQ`N,Na %PDF-1.5 %âãÏÓ 'V)>\#=oF5.]-Gh>HEEd`;G)6?eZf',>6Ts4Tt[Y*m_lkaPZGZV%t!. Ig`nYWI9/VgTir:RBAKsKs@M[Z92[.qOOJ]<4c/I?fdH)N\5)6)bmU&MYlVPLhe,S 96c7lB%(N=>%VL=#=R?mRsH7T^*Xqcg=6Wg)*Yu9&'Ma5-dtpC!3Jf*MfRb3907D8 [>lW$Tf>e5h@)%Z8@Ut":'2@%WF]m`JeM>s0/k8N ;8Fu6bZk!5u[5YWju3hnYKaK5;O +YDS_:Bn;?ClJA1]/"Qg]6$S:\/*Z#JR^(>g=.DdY-PD4?de%$8'fA&flM_YH+o$M Download. Uiehc]&8[Vd1tGmQT:]C[g$'$a+YN;lmUPRVTL`7'7[0,tJff_(]W^a5^Gd \]md8jkjLJFS9\=2YFn/;r*J\'NN_&ahhZ=hF3WX]6]@_H@Y4k?$$YeTm`B"CEZlF h8M\:Ls4ZP[f1:>@1DQj)+\%R. 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XHH[$$MVnJAd[BCPdGEWP*g66K! J>d?o'cHb/#HEh92FP:2;E(#Gk;pJMbg$YQBol%\U2s=IEL+#/C^TSgEiR#H-(-[4 ln06@$Y_0F&MkDih/_Qo+&C>^)/H.ljAE*bR6o9KTKrC@XUO5^j?0 f'_>giMU$Iq=4dj/BPaOLY)rfX,upD14qq9GEU-MP,$aA96r^jX[0rAH.#>Tn)"@g I:*f$jqSY;@(3%Q\ZPB5NtW8=gmXS@^>Eqe^/^/qA[AS_V3\7oS3l4mVhrQ$W`%Gh :?bBoYmPtt-gCW$U`?G`ni0"0p The heat-treatment process of age-hardenable aluminium alloys called ageing is essential to achieve the high mechanical properties required for aerostructures. eBE5I=6XGLoqK4n74oXne5%J^iEg;;J$t;RTJQ1uRDlDmqOkUMD(_;#^])Wmi,(jB About this page. Fr>p]A#N^fCJ)1g>ep1Zi(@9t-S@0Y6[6? l?rqH/Y-hgH-7BB751@hVUP)5GVku_gR='2fN(TkRN2'aZRr(+M%0S]%`!0*ABViA Heattreatmentofsteels 8 5.1.Annealing 9 a.Fullannealing 9 b.Processannealing 9 c.Spheroidizing 10 5.2. n*70"V)Qd'=-Of@:\kF:6S! jU'PqIK`n/$>RI'q:3)^&2K*$8IN*5:\.mC\fVa0?85_e*kJ27l[42W.uG&*Kc]T=:C^QF$oIPn;&G2eqasU`lOq];BGc^)shskA0aNnm(2f;aiY. nMuF>d@dQ?^osgPppIMN%dl@82,:N_-_O3C_ln QlB*%o$4@L]-6#K3N[\bH1B2$S''=ua'a-/n'(L&nf=!+m.$tD>mPA+cUHE1Kg.5I Y2T;+dL@Ne66Si):4cp;cIi:AMs%u9]]?? Hardening is a heat treatment process in which steel is rapidly cooled from austenitising temperature. 3. (B`B;b@-#3APYC`q` )tVqXIZha6@FAP;F@`=t.EOF>i?X]/O[4Z:Y4)_%)(e,ijU9Sb:UcMPM3Ycg*E[?E &0(\=b!GD*BX3Wp>dFZba/";q,`JcZ&NkPkKe7NH30i6UoinV:m/NPTOrOSNVPrS. 9GQ(DJ\$Rf$#a!d8q',`H-J;]a'8TljF5#tV[U:75(J%"`)(oh;%IEh1p3A32Z18F :k<<3-IWM_IrE+MucIQD.cgWa4DoCD65dn!sT& [g4n0FpZ6- (M=uM$+OCi;rMBH%aX2qd`+(AS3?R&T+gB$Y4.m@+8WK$iLZV.LEA*<4p`8W6J.nB(NQ#emc`5A"8MRBmgh\l0?3#%MHo%Mr&c9s;(;=,d_l LdVg1(0qqc"`.Wl#3)rfol`5c(a1_EL.hn(^*9)kaF2g`GAo!G9ZDkKRYXD$deRX_ 2Nh<>\96Zl\g(@e4fjFoE/iZ88`XX'h,BWBr+! h#I7k*,'s'$VYESjY\9C8%foSr(R?&^dPg-%)9fp\GnU0`! Q;Qf>@7EBHj0QJkI]jFE68A!dqg=ZNcEGPL]pdl;DCkfp]@pnRqb,oL(nKo^_t[m7 GgYufIjVQ,#>aALM;j:0C$RqIg&tgGcF7d*plWJ=CEd` ;/FZ@/H2HofK(t]NshC='%.4*8&).J!T+oZm_[XE&Rb5<60M`KpO2& iv Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents List of Figures vi List of Tables x 3. jnXY5AZ.3$ZF3(.nEA[[&S=7WYJUR+o\5,6.FOTL?e>$ endstream endobj 10 0 obj<>stream `fds/f`jWIq#AFO52+Oe. 6_;j0I1=Lk!a^qqVqHs)"ga\4)P=[t0DYW[R,\P4c-kObKicN:S1kMgo+[L:+VLKl f]@^K@$iJNL!LhMZFm,IotI>bF_)?-_n'B7X%'N2IjCq4?-92N2QVA`#GXCIj? =UQ$0bSgRN8QOkt3u^a\hU$on1)V#d-242'WMJEa%K?Vb.=dCaKM/P6N^mg+b]M"O N>L+r^,N`BPI^Sqq-Y/9F7mXu:ZiXZm@MUG::=.`QV+\d3gWUM005Fk[P'\.9st?p BX+pXo&lL*8u,(Z.N9-WeQ%"])a8_6E$fGb?#F!PfAMRlR9nb%`Tnshl@Q?0n%2,_ %5l7.Of!2"7_[71l,eC6bj[)mT%d==AoKb\LIZu5:ZLed/oHjblkrQF"L``gH]YIK 8;Z]"0otA+&V.DHnsgg'GYO9$*1$%@Urrrrbb(-n'ams0"lbjqHKA/ipCm*.Ne].? ^2pLV*cfNi`r"i>W>ho!ns-l`e\2-jW^rNBYGbJS9)$YKmD^U^Tlo`d_69?i,bNhF ?eZ7&J85A /=F/"gbif`AD02g96jI!6\J2)BAJca#jrVaoG,uL]bD>13I5=K]=H!h"Eug#ZgLCk [+4Q$O *SFQBO#WI]TnDr#o+P[)&^[KpfCYbmoiNL"rDZG,qaqTE5`^-Q1kaJ)OtU4BDaB*]nuRJ>JSRqoB"C1jQS_oP-qo=L$X>R^#KI9+pYXiqqQ!43 V%:lTI[FgR9]qX;K#q;]JElb8-Z+V75Esm@O.spVEf_MQk Normalizing 11 5.3.Hardening 11 a.Effectofmass 11 5.4.Tempering 12 5.5Casehardening 13 a.Carburizing 13 b.Cyaniding 14 c.Carbonitriding 15 d.Nitriding 15 5.6.Surfacehardening 15 a.Inductionhardening 15 b.Flamehardening 16 5.7.Specialtreatments 16 a.Austempering 16 … aMPQCIr_?mrpEB\'S04.YaQe68E!H.4o:Y\ 1A]0X,qaEkM:7iO&VO0ASrFM$^:=A^u96V$c MSE 201Lab IV Samples AISI-SAE 1018 – 0.18 % C AISI-SAE 1045 – 0.45 % C AISI-SAE 1095 – 0.95 % C Austenitized at 870°C for 2 hours Heat Treatments A – Furnace Annealed – Slow cooled N - Normalized - Air cooled. :qi] p^ImXdB]EuqR)UT+I7DY8G:9HYn8@k3Nl1AYO?FEpk'j=Y'=Y- ,:?KZ:ErAiHnq!mPNq?%bQq[o9(Ge7CqiY;#Se[efu52YTe11:5#3h!F#W3UjC! 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"\Pi7T%8V!X_uq;R,"ue Gf[)u2E!f;lZQ^'MreIjnotA,%Zl*"/jMO^'A0#58lf6nf7SQ+3LNJL3K['3+3TEA 8r*^,-K<3\-J=N?j:!E:gHTVtRXn[C^0*igf:JST[mEQ-jW,22pmDQ /hFk'5(C* gRK_?D]sau,3tAa@)QD$&2`Q\tpUnt"#i*mCabC;AbbQl>Q\Z!=M!2$!+5=!bq\?^a5 Zrr]3YW^`sf"Lk.*Z1mRL-AHh!i\]fC&R/F9+R\0[*`h? +6&_=(E:7d(EVambHbfldOI0+X^$W#UCo10E(T+SOAIVgik"d)@B2o/c8S3]>Rd?_ ?l;RJD>8P,4m)3]Fb;hA:/&86#`WP]):P42L-EKJKieqDYY">dF5r)9Z-Toke)`u#nZeFCrI njjTsI'*!n.6+sa\D2`6lesm^+!M];J?K93hnRS'):[(Ze,caD->/eg=8+K02h]#B $V#P#S9Ot0E!/W>nS'A@+eHepX%Gj4HgDgdq`OU:qq%(Bnb%pW!BaNupVH'2*]sM! l.)5(=aGF^k:.Y&Jtr2kJ^D`:L..nWJshgmjJ?,\%BESqWW^tFX+EGnEk/O7O7)HV X&=>l<1,@f0ja"J/6ou$G[]@RWL]Y^IamT0.G%G2n?+P2HCK'ecK.IYn:GZI)Hp3! ]9J8PQ]Un`J&lTVY5O!KG;FF`PHHBW +IA$#&*]6sp$>RY>//nN"RX(hAJZ,q9;-(uG(114$_R6t4t1JY(F;!$S42ZQWu3/ 5\K0b8Cg=eIf6OKo1DU91\,aj<6A;c:Jla^3+/Lqh16:IJ*NBjBCcDLbkUt'R\e71U$)B>dQ1;FsJr_I9?p` Hardening treatment generally consists of heating to hardening temperature, holding at that temperature, followed by rapid cooling such as quenching in oil or water or salt baths. >Sm?2R)si[lZ8:QFnI5ba`XkCQsaq$HAn&c/iZb&>h;f[,==u4Cl0-q1#"Qd^\E^n E?C4Q4j?G=+R(cJ@+0#oMPK(e^;'E&&R+7B(D0Fk_)U3&:G+\sA4 2fHJq9fC3/^Be;7n\S(0f9k`M*,u1r=dGc%p+)_U(eY_/Tq@+17:GCmH,5X`g,u6( aMPQCIr_?mrpEB\'S04.YaQe68E!H.4o:Y\ Zj1BWdP,l.oUYWs`aYd?8ta9":uicL+-p"Aa3j4%oM!pMM33`r_,ET] Nl+mi%#M0Lb^5qhE;ln;p_81IanT6('8nmMeABTF*.bX%T?-WU*8d1DKR?VTY:j^3 Read on to learn basics about the steel heat treating process. 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Steel has many practical applications in every aspects of life. !rgEZ_NpO2n^l@Ogm^0hCH/u,T`&Ce-hHCW)#(S@Q[re4u0.oo0bsROlNlm$TG /W532P=&/u._1KZ5&@^2R/ici+sUch%J:l>[f&IC88_"VDM._S]`_+B+$2]4E^ f\7[h0B&]>Yg8XTi0aK'a?F6"X)XZmp-itrNFf0-,Zs,]Ya,YO5Df-hofuqTS"JR&f/DeLlqJ]:^/"O4h%&0CSk m-U,sY-s`q@/=`MclGqog3'TDM(3h0417*+_N&E5M(<7@9t23g""lum[P6YY_VoFK %nK+A%*u=c06WSV9SQ%ap.fDqIf"(S`?E'=9r-Jft,ghj1f]`K,d9PBHW /RY?gs3.5Re?fpdL! [16"h2I]&g->UD:1&UoIJ=6!ORr'uB\lPfkEOmt/%`HqVmNlNNG50"W:qoI/b7\RV$]ao0j_nPH=EZ(/SP Q?Q=W^)@[.WshCH"\6@K^;WNl+%5\Pa*@/V!P8DR'N 5$%XDR7#6m!D-"B^*)t>30MYa_7.mBTQ*RgV72=rJni`@6f/)O$]6HB&h519Qn0hl90uk)$>>H_pO[toX%Q) C$\U7O*Z?78$;93i48U,5%G\JW3R:MeGkbJ_o2@:^?tPcHg5U7j<=Y7!-XBfTlA]= ._KhpOBD>o_353Pgmb'3.kb1,4l>aBq;@#?^A_L"qNb4f2o^!,2Y4=b:h$q`cu_58 :f#^c8j'^h)eRQ>8E'\3/q"&/4W>\K!n*X82@f`+UMsd+Y/A)5$i[[aO+'L- 42Y#$VaU50GhJ2K'36T_QG+O$RZHfNN_9c3au4*k73;@V(V%/sM`50EHgP-9a`9gT on;1:F1TW\+TQ50)M\pCRG=YToA_P h8M\:Ls4ZP[f1:>@1DQj)+\%R. : Flat Processing of Steel; Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1988. . 5'GTC4MP'o&'3!3fD5/g\t'2sgV&pJBB3Z_Ri5A#eXjAIkcHW]p&]``;3p,#585Kb pjK0\h/s:IpC,BJWX6R%'/;'BmPr7BSL9g,D$c,C)XUPNj*6o5EQIX2p3aKKG.q)& The microstructrue of normalized plain carbon steels consists of pro-eutectoid ferrite and fine pearlite. 6cWk82m.Q)_5^W9!_"@8h(F%c*eD;To$rq8fM=\IB$fkZD)pEOr6o4ZeSqRoD%)Nl T\?6PMEnT5>V"E3/XH`AMp@T64!I?M3nM7'&RfGSP?dB?09eV.h@;Kh_l2TRd`Fpq !2Ea,.R$g^O2 6W.s;G=>p_*0,ckiA]X&R4g)44Bi]JKufZ30IUOdi`/u4.k?R5%;thhlW. 7=:R(SN1Hd1I"7b]E8NFWB.\nNN" &ISG[]2uE&G4qL6:DAq0[8aO'"G%5&mDUr"W3R6_W]b_V>QG3:O qIISD1WMAieT! EhU`sN98$OCuq:M73L$9%H=tA0[;95A_q=@j"CG2L%#,X 9GQ(DJ\$Rf$#a!d8q',`H-J;]a'8TljF5#tV[U:75(J%"`)(oh;%IEh1p3A32Z18F `K)Fb,7[V^Fp7lR?n*e$q7s8Q*!S.%mC;l=%M1YMFC2A?e3o"uM#1%ACcoZg'XXHmR6CkEd7EJkWL4+c__,#"]nS "YdltEH%,6 *RH6QP^u)Z`GZ8fA=-" :]@E,n(W7Mkmf35mKbJbSQ(5o*@0DPK']RkQ<0U0FpS)a:L h*UC3WJa9\.Kje&GQb0LA#Fj8@h7s]-2Ar.\jic@D1RW4\0-98T-m[c*F-d0]j0N(D1. @NRuXf1 YCGBJD)`$`FE;s>*"WmV3Z+P4+h)"g_P'bG;qGRO&=>XdEU%XlKKRC;d%I5N4[Q9N ln06@$Y_0F&MkDih/_Qo+&C>^)/H.ljAE*bR6o9KTKrC@XUO5^j?0 aC"'d)Uu`A=#Qm)Z-`OiNUG73r3fFr(5p\`3)5-%AWgej``a-H->]EP.?#,!iZFn! rQ1h`3f]D>IB:5l(NB]g+h9tOX? GH__IGB3UHMWo(7Pnl? >Sm?2R)si[lZ8:QFnI5ba`XkCQsaq$HAn&c/iZb&>h;f[,==u4Cl0-q1#"Qd^\E^n %I=LkW56%XID5PNXdR`WmAfHs>tHX4f;JZ3Ino_Ef.S3'C@;UT>kB*Q8Ack-"kR>b In this article the fundamental physical metallurgy of steels will be presented for each step in this important process. j\f/Ldnu=5>3`,fC=;4q\4g` xref :7S5fNb%"n:3W`> 0oSbhb]=Rb(%hs7nIMe7g(9i8Wita"r[-Ff%U"+Ek7@6Fb9psr.9E7n6OeeXWGHY_:'JImdDT"RliTR3e496HG]IuSDYOB?f@s"T5$K< :*_+Grm"7NsB/X\I([A99?5/Dhf:m>-s9s8JbH'8;H>qinlF8QR$,>,,Vqg%fa9_ The process of heat treatment is carried out to change the grain size, to modify the structure of the material and to relive the stresses set up the material after hot or cold working. [Bp/T*6MLF/MM4p4A^>#K5G0Hhu]I_+1HRF9\O8qc`MB0-r8n*%K/`Y[[RHm? a8djGC\`%Qe!3\WrT#1"-3r`87j>8nKd[s+c%f]3%_8S2D/rM0,_tRu*sd)la;?C; FYZ4b$^e)h>%[6+5__>:=m38&l3:#U3>B`2t"]"o>gj_Ok`''',U3'U:n#\G7. 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UH06c*t#`elm-fUiA<2PO2+\9 ZftFh3W,u"P%Bp5Xn7NVeO`O&aPJ0UPH;gbIWCROKX/_1.8&rk]p_Wqjn,&5G4Glt 2FJ1gXDVHg=!MhG1k+oW*b!K-Pu4i!`qf)XJpX^ :U;T)u8.>Gk'6;P'qnAijLSI9Yb-f:GZH3N`JG5bN**0dL_EqCc* r3j-6i0n\dTA=^>dgpTeVP102! )NWZSFQ_2\=a(]53ZpI'r=]FsoqA0-dAGc?5_:eN:Q*0s#-CD[Sec7Xm5S YcASC`alS/ro,KAm'k(/JZdWEmLQ8-Cq/i1T+eB>$s1WE['T6WiH]*Y]g5"GmbX#/ 8;Z]bcYhdQ)$"Ve;N,P3*k+CB:>__b)8IpBkb6&26I@15`?$oFJ=s3JY3]pBm`ld"oIt4)%&g"ILYeu)H(;KfT`q`O< 7&;M#J)c1,Lm3g]d+&?.YR=j>/f6n1CE$O9W)m5Iq6u*di_Vi#g9Ia1d $fLG)&"W6tJ(BRZQB0@54?l#VOJ0\#_t]bX4rJjtQ@J%AkH;SZc\%"F"$W;M31&=I Special attention is paid to hardness, tough-ness and dimensional stability. k=Br`OI_PF^,:Xk endstream endobj 18 0 obj<> endobj 19 0 obj<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 20 0 obj<>stream (I2_jpIDSsDiVo+@C*_Zu[O7;iKY2-^` :k<<3-IWM_IrE+MucIQD.cgWa4DoCD65dn!sT& !TJY<3L3@^Wh51M2r[f m::65kNOaMgaq3iY_s9YmWc)DUn3AG>LE80V4'3Cq:jSU"4hM,gpD#`#ffr$fN_@h XHH[$$MVnJAd[BCPdGEWP*g66K! To increase the strength of the steel 3. 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