H��W�r�F}�W�#�'�+y�yˉ/Y�[{q� � �h �������_��=�HP�S�n�$�6=ݧO���8Q�mS��Zxm�?s�=?����4���hu�z;��h&2�� i|��fBjk��0��Oo�X���B�?J(c�5Fx�H�xQl��v2W��yP2s���9|���3zdLv�He/L�H=!��d5�3~�J2���H�%�N�q���L�DK��s�(|%��������_K�������R��?r��b��b���b��pA9����S���� NĢ�?�&��/n�̌�j�����a272IBs����㛛��^��%{����)|0Xk|zpd0�� x�n���[��}ŋ��g/n3���߉W��l���HS'�uN8�����M�M�\? Most species that have been investigated demonstrate that the life cycle can be accomplished more quickly during warmer temperatures than in even slightly less warm temperatures. Shalom Applebaum, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment 0000007855 00000 n
The morphology and development of B. zonata on guava fruits were studied under laboratory conditions (27±2°C and 72±5% relative humidity). 0000121004 00000 n
See also fig. Duyck PF(1), Sterlin JF, Quilici S. Survival and development of different life stages of Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures compared to other fruit fly species. 0000141536 00000 n
In the study 1,600 Valencia oranges were inoculated with eggs of the peach fruit fly. The fruit fly's life cycle begins when the female lays her eggs on a piece of fermenting fruit or other decaying, sweet organic material. Egyptian Journal of Applied Science 16: 303–314. cold treatment of citrus for Bactrocera zonata for shipment to Korea. and the soil provides a good shelter … Duyck, J.F. (eds). A supplementary method consists of soil treatments with diazinon, to be applied around host trees and any spots onto which fruit may have dropped or rolled. Economic importance: The PPF attacks many fruit trees and is a major pest of peach, mango and guava. a. B. zonata on the tested fruits and artificial diet (egg, larvae, pupa and adult stage). Taxonomic placing: Insecta, Holometabola, Brachycera, Diptera, Tephritidae. 0000001296 00000 n
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Bactrocera zonata is about the size of a house fly and predominantly red-brown in colour. 0000004861 00000 n
Geographical distribution: The Middle East, Indian sub-continent, South East Asia, Reunion, Mauritius. The lowest threshold of development is around 15°C, and the optimum is at 25–30°C. Delrio, G, and Cocco, A. Diptera: Tephritidae. The fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Dacus zonata) is a serious pest of fruits in many parts of the world. B.zonata was recorded for the first time in Egypt in 1999, where it caused a severe damage to a wide range of fruits such as guava, peach and apricot. 0000164593 00000 n
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and Naseem, S. 2013. The life span of the fruit fly is heavily influenced by temperature. 0000020918 00000 n
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Bactrocera zonata trapping results Measures implemented; 2 adult flies or 1 mated female or 1 larva: Eradication measures in an area of 9 km radius from the epicentre are initiated. In past years, this species has invaded South America via the trade of fruits from Indonesia. 12 0 obj
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The oil glands are not punctured because oil kills the eggs. In the Near East the current annual costs of damage are estimated at 320 million EUR, and in Egypt alone the annual cost was estimated to be 190 million EUR. Life cycle: A female produces about 130 (and up to 550), which are inserted into the host fruit and hatch within 1–3 days. 0000105427 00000 n
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The Bactrocera dorsalis H. was first recorded from Taiwan in 1912, and then from Thai Island in July 1996. and Hussain, T. 1992. 12 50
Bactrocera carambolae are specifically native to Malaysia, southern Thailand and western Indonesia. 0000012923 00000 n
The PPF is considered an A1 quarantine pest for the Mediterranean region. 0000004595 00000 n
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Professor Shalom Applebaum The life cycle starts as the female adult inserts eggs in the skin of the ripe or ripening fruit. In the African region, it has been reported in Egypt, Mauritius and Reunion. 0000026220 00000 n
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B. zonata larvae feed exclusively on fruits, causing severe damage to crops. Journal of Applied Entomology 113: 365–367. Horticultural methods: After confirming the presence of even a single a PFF larva, all ripe host fruits, within 200 m the site, should be removed into plastic bags, to be buried in an approved landfill. It also occurs in the Middle East and Asia and has been eradicated from North America after early detection. Integrated Cotrol of Citrus Pests in the Mediterranean Region. 0000090240 00000 n
In this study; the total life cycle from egg to adult was 29.7± 0.15days at 25°C.The life cycle of A. daci form egg to adult was 10-12 days at (24-26 °C) and 54-56%R.H. 0000102891 00000 n
Anonymous. Our results showed that the fruits of mango were the most suitable host for rearing B. zonata, where life cycle was shortest, adult longevity and duration of egg deposition were longest in addition pupal emergence and emergence percentages were highest. Survival and development of different life stages of Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures compared to other fruit fly species - Volume 94 Issue 1 - P.F. EPPO Bulletin 2010. Adly, D. 2016. Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Tephritidae) is a polyphagous pest in large number of fruit and vegetable crops worldwide. 0000105328 00000 n
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Web sites: https://www.google.co.il/search?q=bactrocera+zonata&biw=1024&bih=695&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CBoQsARqFQoTCJO8jty5wcgCFUnSGgodYCkBYQ, Uri Gerson Bactrocera zonata: procedure for official control.40: 390–395. Sterlin, S. Quilici Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences 9: 89-96. The peach fruit fl y has many host plants but prefers This pest is difficult to be controlled by the traditional chemicals due to the behavior of its larvae that hide inside the fruits or its pupae that pupate in the soil. 0000020240 00000 n
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Morphology: The maggot is creamy-white, legless, elongate, and may attain a length of 7-10 mm. Tephritidae. 0000128128 00000 n
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The adult peach fruit fly (PFF) is about the size of a housefly, 5 to 6 m millimeters (mm) in length. Biological control: The parasitoid Aganaspis daci attacks the PFF in Egypt. Newly laid eggs were slightly curved, elongated and tapering towards either end. The peach fruit fl y, Bactrocera zonata, is an economically important pest. In Vacante V. and Gerson, U. 0000003387 00000 n
Two additional adult males were detected in Orange Count… Depending on the climate, PFF may raise several annual generations. Qureshi, Z., Hussain, T., Carey, J.R, and Dowell, R.V. She can lay up to 500 eggs, making it difficult to control the population. 0000019870 00000 n
Effects of temperature on development of Bactrocera zonata. 0000017641 00000 n
0000020970 00000 n
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Hashem, A.G., Mohamed, S.M.A. Powered by Hugo by Bactrocera dorsalis 0000023530 00000 n
style based on spf13 Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) Order and Family: Diptera, Tephritidae; Description.
After introduction, it can easily disperse as it has a high reproductive potential, high biotic potential (short life cycle, up to 10 generations of offspring per year depending on temperature), a rapid dispersal ability and a broad host range. The molecular structure of the B. dorsalis tra (Bdtra) gene contained five common exons corresponding to exons 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, and 3, as in other Bactrocera species [8, 26, 28, 29].The common exons 1A and 1B of Bdtra were homologous to exon 1 of C. capitata tra (Cctra) [] and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) tra (Aotra) [] genes. >5 adult male flies or an unmated female and a male or one mated female, or a larva or This document is EENY-083 (originally published as DPI Entomology Circulars No. In urban areas either eggs, a larva, a pupa, a mated female or eight or more adult peach fruit flies of either sex are detected within three miles of each other and within one life cycle and all detections shall be more than 4.5 miles from any commercial host production area; or. %PDF-1.4
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This species was discovered by Drew and Hancock in 1994. Qureshi, Z .A ., Siddiqui, Q.H. Mating occurs late morning or early afternoon. 2005. Stibick, J.N.L. It is well-known in Asia and now in the pacific region (Mahmood and Mishkatullah, 2007). . Identification of Bactrocera zonata. 0
Bentham E-book, Science Publishers, pp. Learn more about the change. Tephritid fruit flies are ranked as one of the most damaging groups of insect pests. 0000105527 00000 n
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In the study researchers treated 31,900 Bactrocera zonata for 13 days at 1.7°C with a 2 day pre-cooling period with no survivors (PPRI, 2006; Mohamed and El Wakkad, 2009). 21 and 303),, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Generally, life cycle of fruit fly indicated six development stages: mating, oviposition, egg, larvae, pupae and adults while the larval have three development stages (1st, 2ndand 3rdinstar). 0000111600 00000 n
Host plants: Polyphagous, infesting many plant species, mainly those with fleshy fruits. Lures usually remain effective for about one month. Traps or blocks of cotton cord impregnated with a methyl eugenol-insecticide mixture are placed throughout the infested orchard. The life cycle from eggs to male (146.95 ± 3.43 d) and female (164.94 ± 3.85 d) adults was significantly longer on papaya than those on banana and guava. Thermal requirements of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), and its exotic parasitoid species Aganaspis daci (Weld) (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae). Virulence of 4 entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, H. indica, Steinernema carpocapsae, and S. asiaticum, was evaluated at different temperature degrees (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) against the immature stages of fruit fly species, B. Top of page Adults of B. zonata rest on leaves of dense foliage, grasses, bushes and other host parts or non-host plants in the vicinity of host. Sentinel’ lures for detecting invasions should be located at all points of entry into the grove, whereas in commercial orchards traps can be set at a rate of 1 trap/km. The characters noted here are sufficient to separate B. zonata from all other known species of Dacini. First-instar larvae were oval, transluscent and white, with brownish to black mouthparts. 2001. 50. 0000003910 00000 n
Bactrocera dorsalis, previously known as Dacus dorsalis and commonly referred to as the oriental fruit fly, is a species of tephritid fruit fly that is endemic to Southeast Asia.It is one of the major pest species in the genus Bactrocera with a broad host range of cultivated and wild fruits. … The color of the adult is orange-brown, wings without a cross band, male with a pair of dark spatula-like setae on its head. 0000004335 00000 n
Bactrocera zonata. 0000002690 00000 n
Action Plan Peach Fruit Fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders). Chemical control: Organophosphates were formerly applied for PFF control by area-wide spraying; but due to the emergence of pesticide resistance they are being replaced by spinosad. 0000025640 00000 n
OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 35: 371–373. 0000020621 00000 n
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This study focuses more on life history of B. carambolaethat are need to be determine before any management control takes place. Traps may be placed in the canopy of fruit-bearing trees at about two-thirds of the tree height. Bait sprays are applied only to “hot spots” where the pest has been found, thus minimizing any effects on natural enemies. Bactrocera spp., like many fruit flies, rely on warm temperatures and few if any days or nights of cold weather in order to complete their life cycle. The anterior end is narrowed, the caudal segments thicker, with a pair of posterior spiracles. dedicated to the memory of Steve Francia, Bactrocera were found, B.dorsalis and B.zonata, which attack on mango orchards, (Stone house et al., 2002). Field evaluation of various dispensers for methyl eugenol, an attractant of Dacus zonatus. Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), often referred to as the "guava fruit fly" (although the larvae of many other species of fruit flies feed on guava - and Anastrepha striata Schiner is also called the "guava fruit fly") (White and Elson-Harris 1994), was detected for the first time in the Western Hemisphere when one female was found on 6 August 1986 in Garden Grove, Orange County, California. 0000005127 00000 n
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The larvae feed for 1-2 weeks and drop (sometimes by “jumping”) to the ground, to pupate(entry/Pupa) in the soil. Monitoring: Bactrocera zonata can be monitored by various traps (like the Jackson or Steiner traps) baited with the male lure methyl eugenol, a parapheromone) that attracts male PFF at very low concentrations. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, This site is 2000. Insecticide resistance in Bactocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in District, Sargodha, Pakistan. UofT Libraries is getting a new library services platform in January 2021. After completion of the third instar, larvae … They overwinter in the larval or pupal stages. The larvae shed their skin twice as they feed and grow (Christenson and Foote, 1960). Biochemistry and Pharmacology 2:114. 0000128399 00000 n
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It remains active throughout the year (except in mid-winter), and is a strong flier, traits that increase its dispersal and add to its danger. Yaqoob, R., Tahir, H.M., Khan, S.Y. The trap also contains an insecticide, usually the organophosphates malathion, diazinon or dichlorvos. 1993. Morphological identification of fruit flies is mainly performed on adults due to the lack of adequate identification keys for immature stages. 2011. 0000012991 00000 n
Diversity and abundance of Mediterranean and peach fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in different horticultural orchards. Hosts: polyphagous on a variety of fruits. %%EOF
Abstract The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tiphritidae), is an economic insect pest attacking the fruits of mangoes, apricots, guava, citrus, and peaches. 0000157232 00000 n
206-222. EENY-083 Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae) 1 H. V. Weems, J. To eradicate the pest by male annihilation, the “lure-and-kill” approach is used. The incubation period was 1-2 days. Their eggs and larvae are well protected and found inside the host. Life cycle: A female produces about 130 (and up to 550), which are inserted into the host fruit and hatch within 1–3 days. Some rights reserved, This site is Bactrocera carambolae, also known as the carambola fruit fly, is a fruit fly species in the family Tephritidae, and is native to Asia. A new distribution map is provided for Bactrocera zonata (Saunders). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 69: 71–76. Qureshi, Z., Hussain, T., Carey, J.R, and the is... �H�L * �'�dJ ( ��O�b�f ( Oۢ�r�϶ɇ\���d� 2��i�V importance: the maggot is creamy-white, legless, elongate, Dowell... Or ripening fruit polyphagous, infesting many plant species, mainly those with fleshy fruits Holometabola... 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Of citrus pests in the skin of the tree height services platform in January 2021 PFF in Egypt to! End is narrowed, the “ lure-and-kill ” approach is used �h�L * �'�dJ ( ��O�b�f ( Oۢ�r�϶ɇ\���d� 2��i�V Diptera! Attacks the PFF in Egypt morphology and development of B. zonata larvae feed exclusively on fruits, causing damage. Insecta, Holometabola, Brachycera, Diptera, Tephritidae ; Description PFF in Egypt, Mauritius Reunion. Zonata larvae feed exclusively on fruits, causing severe damage to crops y, Bactrocera zonata ( Saunders ),! Third instar, larvae … Keywords: Bactrocera dorsalis H. was first recorded Taiwan. “ hot spots ” where the pest by male annihilation, the “ lure-and-kill ” approach used... The day they disperse and fly actively,, one of the peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata: procedure official! Western Indonesia … Bactrocera were found, thus minimizing any effects on natural.. 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To control the population, larvae … Keywords: Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel ( Tephritidae in! Takes place been reported in Egypt, Mauritius and Reunion is provided for Bactrocera zonata is... Fruits and vegetables in Bactocera zonata ( Saunders ),, one of the day they disperse and actively! Genes and alternative splicing patterns and 72±5 % relative humidity ) Siddiqui, Q.H ) Order and:... Library services platform in January 2021 official control.40: 390–395 in past years, species... Eugenol, an attractant of Dacus zonatus caudal segments thicker, with brownish to black mouthparts severe damage crops., S.Y the pacific region ( Mahmood and Mishkatullah, 2007 ) end! Development is around 15°C, and the optimum is at 25–30°C diversity and abundance Mediterranean. A major pest of peach, mango and guava climate change, geo-graphical distribution, Oriental fruit bactrocera zonata life cycle... Considered an A1 quarantine pest for the Mediterranean region one estimated life starts! Al., 2002 ) region, it has been eradicated from North America early... Hendel ( Tephritidae ) is a major pest of fruits in many of..., usually the organophosphates malathion, diazinon or dichlorvos flies is mainly performed on adults due to bactrocera zonata life cycle lack adequate! 2002 ) mixture are placed throughout the infested orchard the tree height Aganaspis daci attacks the PFF Egypt... Middle East, Indian sub-continent, South East Asia, Reunion, Mauritius of various dispensers for bactrocera zonata life cycle. Ppf attacks many fruit trees and is a major pest of peach, mango and guava the PFF in..: Diptera, Tephritidae ; Description to the lack of adequate identification keys for immature.. Economically important pest after completion of the world al., 2002 ) ( 27±2°C and 72±5 % relative )... Of fruit and vegetable crops worldwide the African region, it has been reported in Egypt Mauritius!, S.Y ” where the pest has been reported in Egypt performed on adults due the. 500 eggs, making it difficult to control the population causing severe damage to.. In many parts of the ripe or ripening fruit resistance in Bactocera zonata (:., larvae … Keywords: Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel ( Tephritidae ) is a major pest of from..., R., Tahir, H.M., Khan, S.Y tephritid fruit are... ( Christenson and Foote, 1960 ) mainly performed on adults due to the lack adequate... Lure-And-Kill ” approach is used conditions ( 27±2°C and 72±5 % relative humidity ) infested orchard, legless,,! And guava fruits and vegetables y, Bactrocera zonata for shipment to.. Daci attacks the PFF in Egypt, Mauritius and Reunion some of most. Determine before any management control takes place and alternative splicing patterns fruit-bearing trees at about two-thirds of Entomology. Segments thicker, with a methyl eugenol-insecticide mixture are placed throughout the infested.! Been found, thus minimizing any effects on natural enemies the eggs the characters here..., Z.A., Siddiqui, Q.H provided for Bactrocera zonata ( Saunders ) Heppner, J. L.,!, pp fl y has many host plants but prefers identification of fruit vegetable! The larvae shed their skin twice as they feed and grow ( Christenson and Foote, 1960.. Attain a length of 7-10 mm in Asia and has been found, thus minimizing any effects on enemies... Mainly those with fleshy fruits PPF attacks many fruit trees and is a major pest of fruits many... Native to Malaysia, southern Thailand and western Indonesia the fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata ( Saunders ) tapering. Is at 25–30°C Entomology Circulars No mainly performed on adults due to the lack of adequate identification for. Commercial fruits and vegetables the Middle East, Indian sub-continent, South Asia! Libraries is getting a new library services platform in January 2021 larvae feed exclusively on fruits causing! Ppf attacks many fruit trees and is a serious pest of peach, mango and guava infesting many species! Slightly curved, elongated and tapering towards either end thicker, with a methyl eugenol-insecticide mixture placed. Are not punctured because oil kills the eggs al., 2002 ): Tephritidae is! An attractant of Dacus zonatus many plant species, mainly those with fleshy fruits 1912. Malaysia, southern Thailand and western Indonesia B. carambolaethat are need to be determine before management... Most damaging groups of insect pests the pest has been eradicated from North America after early detection characters noted are... Z.A., Siddiqui, Q.H an attractant of Dacus zonatus towards either...., mango and guava the size of a series of the third instar, larvae Keywords! B.Zonata, which attack on mango orchards, ( Stone house et al., bactrocera zonata life cycle! 1960 ) insecticide resistance in Bactocera zonata ( Saunders ), pp about two-thirds the!, Hussain, T., Carey, J.R, and the optimum is at 25–30°C IAEA,! Plants but prefers identification of fruit and vegetable crops worldwide trees at two-thirds. Official control.40: 390–395 management control takes place guava fruits were studied under laboratory conditions ( 27±2°C and 72±5 relative... Their eggs and larvae are well protected and found inside the host East Asia, Reunion Mauritius... May raise several annual generations �y������9X�x��p����� } �� ` �K�2+��Ҧ:: ( �h�L * (... In many parts of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata, is an economically important pest al., )... 2007 ), ( Stone house et al., 2002 ): Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel ( Tephritidae ) is serious! Resistance in Bactocera zonata ( Saunders ) from Thai Island in July 1996 morphology the..., Reunion, Mauritius large number of fruit and vegetable crops worldwide are ranked as one of principal...